Media Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Media Analysis - Research Paper Example This paper means to give a timetable of significant occasions and to depict and break down three media curios that secured the Beslan school prisoner emergency: 1) Peter Baker and Susan B. Glasser (2004)’s paper article that has an online variant; 2) 48 Hours of CBS News’ video clasp of the arrangement and arrival of certain prisoners; and 3) David Satter (2009)’s critique, five years after the prisoner episode. These media curios show a few contrasts by they way they marked the prisoner takers and likenesses in their enthusiastic rendering of the occasions, while one of them underscored that the fault of the crisis’ misusing ought to be set exclusively on the shoulders of the Russian government. Course of events of the Beslan Hostage Crisis On September 1, 2004, at around 5:30 am, a gathering of prisoner takers seized Beslan’s School No. 1 and took many understudies, educators, and guardians as prisoners. They traded fires with the police during th at morning. Cook and Glasser (2004) portrayed the prisoner takers as â€Å"guerillas† or â€Å"fighters,† from Chechnya and different countries, while the Russian government called them â€Å"terrorists† (p.1). ... On Friday, September 3, 2004, prisoner takers permitted crises service laborers to move toward the dead collections of certain prisoners who were lying before the school. Simultaneously, two hours before the grisly fight between the guerillas and the government’s troops, the leader of North Ossetia, Alexander Dzasokhov, and another legislator called Chechen pioneer Akhmed Zakayev in London. Zakayev, who represented Aslan Maskhadov, the Chechen rebel pioneer and dismissed president, said that they needed Maskhadov’s help in haggling with the guerillas in light of the fact that their requests were identified with the Chechnya struggle (Baker and Glasser, 2004, p.2). Maskhadov was set up to meet the agitators for the arrival of the prisoners and the conversation of the latter’s requests. In any case, at around 10 to 10:30 AM, two blasts were heard inside the school. The news contrasted on what caused these blasts, despite the fact that a definitive outcome was the b reakdown of the gym’s rooftop, where a large portion of the prisoners were, the fleeing of prisoners as shootings followed, the assault of the Special Forces on the exercise center, and the resulting fight between the military and the dissidents (Baker and Glasser, 2004, p.2; The Guardian, 2004). Battling happened until night, yet finished at around 8 PM. On the beginning of September 4, President Vladimir Putin visited a portion of the injured casualties (The Guardian, 2004). Investigation of Media Coverage The main media curio to be dissected is the print news story (accessible on the web) composed by Baker and Glasser (2004). The media test matters since it gives crucial data about the prisoner emergency and it shows the distinction between news language and political language. Regarding sources, Baker and Glasser (2004) depended on themselves as onlookers, law

Pricing Essay Example

Evaluating Essay Organization is a business division of an average sized organization concentrated on assembling and selling a top notch purchaser electronic gadget through very good quality advertising channels, for example, claim to fame shops and selective retail chains. These claim to fame outlets exhort and instruct clients about the alluring highlights of various electronic gadgets. Elektra charges on normal 500 for each unit to its merchants, who mark it up to 899 when offering to retail clients. After numerous long periods of high deals, Elektra deals in the most recent year had drooped to 150,000 units for every year utilizing just 75 of its assembling limit. The decrease popular was a result of quick changing advances and buyer propensities, and the ongoing presentation of another age of the electronic gadget had not expanded deals apparently. Thusly, Elektra senior administration trusts it is far-fetched that the interest for its items will increment essentially in the following three years until conditions improve significantly and Elektra and its top of the line contenders present the cutting edge innovation. In any case, they stayed certain about the drawn out possibilities of their item. Elektra has as of late got a proposition from Megawatt Stores, Inc. A main mainstream store of markdown retail locations. Megawatt needs to purchase Elektra result of a similar quality as that sold at present through strength retailers. Megawatt has offered to buy 50,000 units every year for a three-year time frame at 374 for each unit. It can't follow through on a greater expense since it intends to retail the item at just 549. While costs are not expected to expand, a swelling proviso will permit Elektra to pass on exogenous cost increments. We will compose a custom article test on Pricing explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Pricing explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Pricing explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer After broad exchanges, Megawatt has made an accept the only choice available offer and took steps to investigate other vital accomplices n case Elektra doesn't acknowledge its offer. Despite the fact that Megastars offer is 25 beneath Elektra ordinary value, it might be appealing for Elektra to be an early mover in the low-end advertise in light of the fact that Elektra has extensive overflow limit, and the Megawatt agreement may permit it to collect involvement with what may develop as the prevailing section of the market. Elektra variable item costs for deals through its current top of the line appropriation channel are evaluated to be 300, including direct materials 150, direct work 60, variable assembling overhead 70, and deals commission 20 at 4 of deals cost. Yearly fixed overhead expenses are 17,000,000, and are not expected to increment with the expanded creation required if the Megawatt offer is acknowledged. By downsizing to a limit of 150,000 units from the present 200,000, notwithstanding, Elektra would have the option to spare about of the yearly fixed expenses. Variable expenses for the Megawatt request are relied upon to be comparable. Direct material expenses, be that as it may, will increment by 10 on account of exceptional packaging and bundling with embellishing of Megastars private name logo rather than the Elektra brand name. Likewise, factor costs for the Megawatt request will reject the 4 commission ordinarily paid to the lagers staff in light of the fact that no sales rep is engaged with deals to Megawatt. Some Elektra administrators are worried that when clients correlation shop they will locate a similar quality gadget as Elektra own image name item sold through strength retailers. On the off chance that the gadgets are accessible at a much lower cost at Megawatt Stores, many cost cognizant clients may purchase the gadgets at Megawatt rather than the strength retailers. Elektra ranking directors are exceptionally certain that close to 6 of Elektra present deals will be lost on account of the examination shopping if Megastars proposition is acknowledged. Correlation customers are cost cognizant clients who look around to locate the least expensive item with the essential degree of value. A large portion of Elektra clients are quality lovers who visit just the strength shops to assess the highlights of various items, instead of the cost, before settling on their buy choice. Elektra top administration is progressively worried about these quality aficionados yet doesn't accept any of them would shop at Megawatt. On the off chance that 6 of Elektra very good quality channel deals are torn apart, all out deals will be 191,000 units including 50,000 units sold through Megawatt, however no decrease will be conceivable in cut out expenses. Another gathering of Elektra administrators is worried about selling at a limited value indistinguishable quality items from the items sold at present through claim to fame retailers, and the effect that such a move will have on the uncommon relationship that has been developed with the top of the line retailers. These administrators accept that deals may diminish if the forte retailers don't push the Elektra brand item as much as its rivals items. Megawatt has demanded only the best quality item that Elektra sells at present through the exceptionally retailers, and will pull back its offer in any case. New innovation is created by Elektra(and likewise its rivals) on a three-year cycle to build the estimation of the item to very good quality clients. An option considered by Elektra is to contribute more on RD quickly and carry the new innovation to the market inside a year. The fixed and variable cost structure isn't required to change fundamentally for the new Reproduced with authorization from the staff item that fuses the new innovation. Some Elektra officials are worried that quickening the RD may celebrate in more imperfections sneaking in the item and some corresponding items gave by different providers not being prepared. This expanded the danger of clients being disappointed with the new age and damages Elektra notoriety. Notwithstanding, on the grounds that the new item will probably be significantly progressively valuable to the very good quality clients, Elektra could supplant the current item with the new item in the claim to fame retail channel. By quickening the new innovation, Elektra isn't probably going to increase huge piece of the pie in the claim to fame channel as contenders will attempt to join Elektra innovation as quickly as time permits by presenting their new models with the new innovation early. Required What will be the yearly benefit if the Megawatt offer is dismissed What will be the expansion or reduction in its yearly benefit in the event that it acknowledges Megastars offer Should Elektra acknowledge Megastars proposition What vital elements ought to be considered in assessing the Megawatt offer Should Elektra consent to having its item marked as a Megawatt item and bring about the extra 10 increment in direct materials cost How alluring is the potential chance to collect involvement with the low-end showcase through the proposed vital collusion with Megawatt Should Elektra quicken the improvement of the new innovation and put up it for sale to the public inside a year Is there a distinction between the business lost because of centralization of value delicate clients and the business lost on the grounds that exceptionally retailers may no longer push Elektra items if Elektra acknowledges the Megawatt offer Reproduced with authorization from the personnel September 201 2. Educator Rajah D. Broker arranged this case to give a premise to class conversation.

LeaderShape 2012

LeaderShape 2012 What do Chancellor Grimson, The Salvation Army, and I have in common? This: (video credit: Tony Eng) The official description of LeaderShape, as detailed by MITs Division of Student Life, is as follows: MIT LeaderShape is an intensive six-day leadership development experience that takes place over IAP. Participants will be asked to wrestle with such challenging topics as professional ethics, dealing with uncertainty, working within a diverse community while developing skills in areas of problem solving and interpersonal communication. Over the course of the program students will develop a community among their peers, facilitated by MIT faculty staff cluster leaders and student veterans of the program. LeaderShape takes place at an off-campus retreat site in southern Massachusetts, allowing students the opportunity to fully engage in the leadership experience. My own description is a little shorter: The best six days of my junior year thus far. Let me elaborate. Around 1 pm on January 20, I joined ~50 other MIT students and boarded a bus to the Camp Wonderland Conference Center in Sharon, Massachusetts. Cookies greeted us as we walked into the conference center, and we wasted no time in devouring them. This was the first of many times when we ate way more than we should have at LeaderShape 2012. The six days of LeaderShape are characterized by specific themes: Day 1: Building Community Day 2: The Value of One, the Power of All Day 3: Challenging What Is, Looking to What Could Be Day 4: Bringing Vision to Reality Day 5: Living and Leading With Integrity Day 6: Staying in Action On day one, we were all split into separate clusters, each with its own faculty facilitator and student co-facilitator. I was lucky enough to have two of the most awesome people ever: Chancellor Eric Grimson and one of my bffls, Kuljot 13. Together, they helped all of us come up with a vision to change the world and a plan to put that vision into action. They offered their thoughts, their advice, their constructive criticism making us feel like we could accomplish anything we set our minds to. The week was led by head facilitators, Tracy Purinton  (the Associate Director of MITs Leadership Center) and Kirk Kolenbrander  (the Vice President for Institute Affairs and Secretary of the MIT Corporation), who led a series of interactive exercises and activities throughout the six days. They actively asked for our feedback and tweaked the program to suit our preferences. During mealtimes, all the facilitators sat with the students; it felt surreal to share a meal with both the Chancellor a nd the VP of MIT. The last day of LeaderShape also happened to be my birthday, and I couldnt have picked a better place to celebrate my birthday or better people to celebrate it with. At midnight, the guys at LeaderShape serenaded me with a rendition of Just the Way You Are, followed by a brief showering and an awesome dance party. We stayed up till 5 AM playing Mafia and just talking. Later that morning, we came together for the close of LeaderShape: one big family :) Now that were all back on campus, there has been a flurry of Facebook friend requests and a hilarious assortment of Facebook posts and potential dinner/movie plans. The LeaderShape experience was incredible, and Im thankful for all the wonderful new friends Ive made. Shout out to LeaderShape 2012: I miss you guys!!  ?

The Problem Of Emergency Nurses - 838 Words

Description of the Problem Emergency nurses in this society is now faced with a rising dilemma of increased dissatisfaction in their work and their role as a caregiver. The Emergency department (ED) is where we can find a channel of activities surrounding patients who present with differing needs, urgency, and levels of care. Effort management and Mutual Authority are factors in addressing this dilemma of ED nurses. The need to identify such rising difficulty can be addressed through scrutinizing the relationship of effort against authority. Effort arrangement is created for the purpose of alienating itself from the definition of â€Å"Work Engagement.† There is a need to acknowledge both terms as one and the same and for the purpose of this paper, the term â€Å"Effort Arrangement† is coined. To further define effort arrangement, it is described as a fulfilling sense of security at work. This is similar to the definition as written by Siller (Siller, 2016) work engagement is, â€Å"a rewarding, optimistic state of well-being while one is at work.† Mutual authority is devised for it to be separated from the term â€Å"Shared Governance.† Although it is related to the term, its definition differs in a sense that mutual authority does not aim to overshadow the ascendancy needed in addressing hierarchy of command in the environment of the ED. Mutual authority then is to be defined as the ED nurses’ capability to act independently from command in managing a given situation. This is with respectShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Trauma Nursing1478 Words   |  6 Pagesflown via helicopter to the nearest level 2 trauma center where 2 teams of emergency room doctors, trauma surgeons, respiratory therapists, x-ray technologists, phlebotomists, chaplains, social workers, and of course, trauma nurses, are waiting to assess the patients and provide life-saving care. This scenario is not the exception in a level 2 trauma care center of the emergency-room, it is the average situation that a trauma nurse will find his or herself in every day. Because of the fast paced situationsRead MoreViolence Against Nurses in the Emergen cy Department782 Words   |  4 PagesViolence Against Nurses in the Emergency Department Kimberly L. Kirk Professional Nursing Practice of the Baccalaureate Nurse August 8, 2014 Violence against Nurses in the Emergency Department According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, workplace violence is defined as â€Å"an act of aggression directed toward persons at work or on duty, ranging from offensive or threatening language to homicide† (Wolf, Delao Perhats, 2014, p.305). Workplace violenceRead MoreEmergency Rooms And The Health Care1569 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the better. The emergency room is the part of a hospital that will provide immediate treatment to the acutely ill or traumatised patient. Thus, emergency rooms are very important aspect of the health care to many people as life-threatening injuries could happen to anyone during their lifetime. In addition to that, emergency departments have to function quickly in order to give the best and fast care to the ill. This paper will be covering the their history of emergency rooms, their positiveRead MoreThe Hazards Of Nurse Staffing1207 Words   |  5 Pagesseems valuable on the surface, the unintended consequences are varied and far-reaching. Hospitals with low nurse staffing levels tend to have higher rates of poor patient outcomes such as pneumonia, shock, cardiac arrest, and urinary tract infections, according to research funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (Stanton, 2004). Many such studies exists, yet, the problem persists. Perhaps, a qualitative research study could prove to be the catalyst needed to drive change. Read MoreThe Emergency Room Nurses Organization1347 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessional nurses to develop an understanding of nursing profession and health care overall. Membership in a professional association can lead to an increased awareness of health issues such as outbreak of Zika virus, also provides opportunities in education, mentoring, ne tworking, career assistance, and certifications. The purpose of this paper is to write about a specific professional nursing organization. This paper focuses on the Emergency Nurse Association (ENA). In 1970, the Emergency Room NursesRead MoreEmergency Medicine and the Ethical Dilemmas1749 Words   |  7 PagesEmergency Medicine and the Ethical Dilemmas Luisa Martin HCA 322 Instructor Thomas December 5, 2010 Picture this scenario: You are working  in the emergency room of a public hospital where the  Ã‚   inflow of patients is higher than the available beds. You are treating an elderly man who is breathless and cyanosed. While you assess whether he has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or heart failure, he becomes drowsy and starts gasping. You quickly intubate him with some difficulty, prolongingRead MoreWhat Are Essential Qualities For Caregivers?1742 Words   |  7 Pagesdisaster, involved in a car wreck, and lose loved ones. People in these circumstances require help. They have to have someone caring for them in this difficult and stressful time in their lives. Those who are involved in patient care include doctors, nurses, therapists, rescue workers, and family members. Providing care for people is by no means an easy job. It requires mental and physical strength, intelligence, compassion, empathy, and organizational and time management skills. These are necessaryRead MorePain Management935 Words   |  4 Pageshealthcare problems that can be discussed I chose to dis cuss the problem of management of acute and chronic pain. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects proper pain management on nursing practice, population most effected by chronic and acute pain, ways to improve pain management from a nursing perspective. Practice Setting Problem The proper managing of acute and chronic pain is a hot topic in the field of nursing. The poor management of pain by nursing is well a documented problem. OfRead MoreThe Harris Health System : An Provision Of High Quality Healthcare At The Residents Of Harris County972 Words   |  4 Pagesof the problem The Harris health system is dedicated to the Harris county health district, as well as to the provision of high-quality healthcare to the residents of Harris County. The Harris County emergency department provides emergency health care to patients with or without medical insurance. The Harris health system is currently comprised of 23 primary care facilities, six same day clinics, four specialty locations, and three hospitals. Of the three hospitals only two have emergency departmentsRead MoreHaley Mccullian, Human Resources Consultant, At Mercy Fitzgerald839 Words   |  4 PagesHospital, is the author of this report. Her role is to identify the problems in the nursing field involving workplace violence in the emergency room. The purpose of this report is to educate the workforce on potential causes, effects, and theories revolving around the current organizational challenge. Workplace violence is a dangerous and complex occupational hazard in today’s health care work enviro nment. It poses challenges for nurses and other health care employees, hospital administration, unions

Food in Literature a Book Review on Charlie and the...

Food in Literature: A Book Review on Charlie and the Chocolate Factory 1.0 Introduction Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (1964) is a children’s novel by the famous author Roald Dahl. As the name of the novel suggests, chocolate is the food theme running through the plot of the novel. The purpose of this paper is to give a review of the book, with emphasis on the relevance of chocolate to the social environment and the story development. This paper will also include a technical and historical review of chocolate, and also address some of the more specific issues relating to chocolate in light of Dahl’s novel. 2.0 Plot Summary Mr. Willy Wonka is the eccentric owner of the greatest chocolate factory in the world. Following a†¦show more content†¦His inspiration can be traced back to as early as 1929, when he and his classmates occasionally tasted-tested chocolates for the gourmet chocolate company Cadbury. Dahl realised that companies like Cadbury had inventing rooms where experiments on creating new chocolates took place, and he imagined that they would be like a laboratories full of scientists with white coats concocting chocolates and candies. He dreamt of becoming an inventor and to create chocolates that would excite even Mr. Cadbury himself. As he wrote in his autobiography, â€Å"I have no doubt at all that, 35 years later †¦ I remembered those little cardboard boxes and the newly invented chocolates inside them, and I began to write a book called Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.† Therefore, one can readily identify parallels in Dahl’s novel to the real world, and i t is interesting to appreciate the relevance of the chocolate theme in the story development to the social context. How far does the abovementioned frenzy for chocolates in the story reflect reality? Although in the real world, it is unlikely that there would be a furious search for a golden ticket in order to visit a chocolate factory, it is fair to say that ‘the chocolate craze has now escalated to a global scale’. Today, the chocolate industry has grown to a worldwide industry exceeding $50 billion in retail sales worldwide, and continues to show healthy growth. In 2001 Americans consumed 3 billion pounds ofShow MoreRelatedKraft Group Id Gum Product Report - Marketing Report4900 Words   |  20 PagesHafizhah Executive Summary The purpose of this report was to evaluate the appropriateness of the recently launched iD gum brand for its targeted market, teenagers and young adults. Research for this report included reviews of several marketing literature from journals and books, study of relevant psychological issues for the product and its target market, and several statistical data related to the target market. It was revealed that the target market mainly consumes sugarless gum and its mainRead MorePersonality and Lifestyle8596 Words   |  35 Pagestrends with respect to consumer behavior for the new millennium. These major trends are characterized as being: a decline in concern for the environment, an emphasis on the value of time-saving products, decreased emphasis on dieting and nutritional foods, and a more laid-back lifestyle and casual work environment. Chapter Outline 1. Personality a. Personality refers to a person’s unique psychological makeup and how it consistently influences the way a person responds to his or herRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesDowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical ReasoningRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOne Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. JudgeRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 Pagesinexperienced with the case method, you may need to alter your study habits. A lecture-oriented course may not require you to do intensive preparation for each class period. In such a course, you have the latitude to work through assigned readings and review lecture notes according to your own schedule. However, an assigned case requires significant and conscientious preparation before class. Without it, you will be unable to contribute meaningfully to in-class discussion. Therefore, careful reading and

Flexible Budget - the Relationship between Fixed and Variable Costs Assignment

Essays on Flexible Budget - the Relationship between Fixed and Variable Costs Assignment The paper â€Å"Flexible Budget - the Relationship between Fixed and Variable Costs" is a   potent example of an assignment on finance accounting. Fixed cost is the constant cost that is acquired for a period of accounting within certain turnover and output limits which tend to stay unaffected due to the changes in the activity level. Fixed cost is considered as the expenses of a business that do not depend on the production level of the goods and the services of the business.   The fixed costs can be classified in different divisions such as, ‘the time period classification’, ‘the volume classification’, ‘the joint classification’ and ‘the policy classification’. There are various kinds of fixed costs in a production process such as buildings, machinery and cost related to the individual finished products. The fixed cost can be considered as the period cost, and this period cost does not generate any further benefits, so fixe d cost should not be incorporated with the unit cost of production (Lucey Lucey, 2002).  Variable CostVariable cost is the other element of the total cost. Variable costing is the income statement that considers the overhead cost for the manufacturing, based on a certain period compared to the per-unit basis. Variable costs are the only directly related costs to per unit production. For example, when leather is used to manufacture a bag, the amount of leather would come under the measurement of unit. All the costs related to the fixed overhead, the variable costs, the fixed costs for selling goods and the expenses for administration are allotted for each period, instead of putting it into inventory (Khan Jain, 2003).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The variable cost provides assistance to control the variable expenses, avoiding the random distribution or allotment of the fixed costs. The variable costing involves direct materials, the variable part of production over head and direct labor (Khan Jain, 2003).Q.2. Differences between Static and Flexible BudgetsStatic BudgetThe static budget integrates the estimated values regarding outputs and inputs which are induced before the beginning of the financial period. Most of the time, the predictable value through the static budget is quite distinct from the actually received values. It is the budget that will remain unchanged throughout the whole financial period, once determined by the management of a firm. It is named as static budget due to the reason for developing the budget for a single (static) planned level of output for the period (Horngren, Datar, Foster, Rajan, Ittner, 2009).Flexible BudgetA flexible budget is a tool to evaluate the performance of a business activity. It is impossible to prepare a flexible budget before the financial period ends. The flexible budget is used to regulate the actually received budget with a static budget. It is arranged to show the comparison between the bud gets. The flexible budget acts as a constraint to the static budget. It describes that the process of budgeting is very much useful if it can adapt to the changing conditions. A flexible budget can be prepared following certain steps such as determination of the cost of the budgeted variables, determination of the fixed cost of the budgeted level, determination of the actual output volume and determination of the budgeted information costs (Shim, Siegel, Shim, 2011).

A Scope Of Microsoft Essay Research Paper free essay sample

A Scope Of Microsoft Essay, Research Paper There are many factors that must be considered when scoping out a company for a possible amalgamation or acquisition. I being the Chief executive officer of a major competitory package fabricating company expression for many things. Thingss such as strategic planning, fiscal public presentation, technological progresss and selling chances are merely some of the factors that must be looked at when sing another company for acquisition. In this instance, Microsoft Corporation is our mark. I will be analyzing the above-named factors before doing my determination on whether or non an acquisition will be executable. Microsoft Corporation was founded in 1975 by William H. Gates III. The company, which was inspired by Gates, had a vision of computing machines powered by package developed by the company being a manner of life. The end was to incorporate computing machines into people s mundane lives. The company started out in Gates garage with crude engineering and limitless aspiration. Today the company has grown to be the universe s figure one package developer and maker. The company offers a really diverse line of merchandises runing from place user applications to high tech concern package. Microsoft develops and manufactures a full line of games, web publication, and most significantly, it s figure one piece of package, Windows 2000 and ever-popular Office 2000. The universe fundamentally runs on Microsoft package. The package is shipped with 70 % of the universe s computing machines giving Microsoft a sum of over 19 billion dollars in grosss for 1999. Microsoft has late emerged in the universe of Internet Service Providers ( ISP s ) to go a rival of the well-known America Online. The Microsoft Network ( MSN ) as it is known offers users the same advantages of the taking ISP s while integrating its ain engineering to do the on-line experience more user friendly and technologically advanced than the others. MSN allows users to interface their on-line work with their regular operating package to let for easier web publication, more advanced multimedia presentations, and quicker processing clip. There have been many issues refering Microsoft s schemes. Many say that the company is merely in the market to take over and monopolise. As a affair of fact, the United States Government is presently in a civil anti-trust instance against the company. Evidence and unfavorable judgment has been brought against them in order to seek to halt them from monopolising. In the past five old ages, Microsoft has made over 40 acquisitions of companies of all sizes. It seems now that they are making more puting in companies instead than taking over. Microsoft holds big investing places in NBC, Nextel Communications, AT A ; T, NTL Inc. , Qwest Communications and United Pan-Europe Communications. Of class those are merely the largest investing places of 200 million dollars and over. There are many other little investing places as good. This is merely one of the schemes of the company, as a consequence of all of their investing places, it allows them to increase their market portion through exposu re in different markets. Another scheme that Microsoft adheres to is to be the most technologically advanced package developer in the market. Microsoft has ever been the leader in engineering when it comes to all types of package, whether it is for place user or concern. It is said that within the following few old ages, many people will get down to populate in smart places. Microsoft is presently developing engineering that will enable a computing machine to run an full family, without the user being place! It is this type of engineering that keeps Microsoft in front of the remainder of the competition. This goes manus in manus with the expected $ 3.8 billion expected investing in R A ; D in financial 2000. It is no admiration why the authorities is seeking to interrupt up this tremendous ace power of a company! A critical scheme that Microsoft is portion of is huge globalisation. Microsoft has selling locations in over 73 states worldwide. This is a large portion of Microsoft s scheme because it allows them to derive exposure all over the universe, which will act upon concerns and places all over the universe to go portion of the Microsoft web of package. Financially Microsoft has ever been a top performing artist. Since the company went public in March of 1986, the company has grown to 325 % of its original size. In financial twelvemonth 1985, the company had a net income of $ 24 million, as of 4th one-fourth 1999 ; the company had a net income of $ 7.7 billion. Entire shareholders equity in financial 99 was over $ 28 billion. Numbers like these are non really common in the package developing and fabrication concern. Most of Microsoft s grosss come from Licensing Agreements. Licensing Agreements are package understandings that companies enter into with Microsoft for the permission to put in and utilize Microsoft package in their concern. When new package is available, the company has a pick to regenerate their lease understanding of usage oth Er package, the latter non being excessively wise. This brings me to the subjects of competition and menaces. True there is competition in the universe of package, tonss of it. The biggest rival with Microsoft is a company called Red Hat. Red Hat manufactures a platform known as Linux. Linux is purely concern application package that is used by big corporations for implementing stock list systems, databases, and the similar. Another beginning of competition comes from a company known as Novell. Novell is known for Novell Netware. This is concern application package that is used chiefly in fiscal establishments like Bankss and securities firm houses. This package is used for logging minutess at Bankss and securities firm houses, while keeping an internal web within the company. Red Hat and Novell merely occupy about 40 to fifty per centum of the market portion combined. One should maintain in head that behind these two package platforms is Microsoft s NT Server Client package powering the waiters that allow the companies to utilize th is package! Basically, even thought there is competition, Microsoft still is able to derive a piece of the market portion by being one measure in front of its competition. A large issue for Microsoft that is going a turning menace to the company is Software Piracy. Software Piracy is committed by doing illegal transcripts of the package and possibly even selling it. This is a really common act today with the easiness of utilizing a Cadmium burner. In fact, many concerns operate on illegal package, which in bend hurts the grosss of Microsoft. Microsoft is presently working on plans that can non be copied to blank discs in order to protect themselves from this menace. Currently, anyone who knows where to acquire the package from illegal web sites can download them perfectly free. Once this package is downloaded to a difficult thrust, it can be written to a Cadmium and so re-written, an infinite figure of times from that one Cadmium that was originally used. It is clear to see that this can go rather harmful if non taken attention of quickly. This is particularly done with concerns. However, they do purchase one transcript of the package from Microsoft an d so copy it onto all of the computing machines in the office, thereby salvaging themselves big sums of money. It is a proved statistic that in some companies, there exists over five 100 transcripts of illegal package that are being used in normal concern operation. It is easy to see how this can make a loss for Microsoft, no uncertainty that this job will be resolved in the hereafter. Another menace to Microsoft as I mentioned earlier is the on-going Anti-trust instance that is presently pending. In this instance, the authorities is seeking to interrupt up Microsoft into possibly a figure of smaller companies, which would let for more competition to come in the market. Bill gates sees this as a better chance to further diversify the line of merchandise that Microsoft delivers. This will really give Microsoft a better opportunity to scope out different markets and possibly develop new merchandises for Personal computer s and concerns that will better enable other states to thrive. As the Chief executive officer of my house, I have a really involved determination to do. I feel that the wisest determination would be to non get Microsoft. Microsoft is a company that is a innovator of package and is to the full established and in order to be able to take them over, my company needs to be able to go on what Microsoft started. My company does non hold the type of financess to be able to take over Microsoft, nor do we hold the market cap to cover a stock for stock purchase. However, there is one consideration that I may do, that is, to organize a joint venture with Microsoft. I feel that this will profit us both in many ways. First, our engineering can be combined in order to do the universes top package developer and maker that will busy every sector of the package industry. Our fabrication workss can be consolidated and re-structured to cut costs, wile accommodating to fabricate the new package line that my company would present. Our direction squad can be re-struc tured as good so that strategic planning and decision-making will better implement our new thoughts and technological progresss. Finally, our market portion will be greatly increased because of the ability to be exposed to states that we are non presently involved in. I feel that a combination of our companies would be likely the most good event that could happen in my company. Microsoft has proven itself to be the figure one package company in the universe ; together we would be unstoppable. One job with this joint venture would be the affair with the pending Anti-Trust instance, which would likely be farther fueled by this joint venture. Whatever the result of the instance, which by the manner seems to be approaching a colony, I feel that the freshly formed company will be the best thing that has happened in package since 1975. **All factual and fiscal information was taken from Microsoft s 1999 Financial Report.

If Men Could Menstruate free essay sample

I remember I was fourteen when I got mine. I knew what a period was, but I wasn’t sure if I was ready to be a young adult yet. I asked my mom why I had bled a little, and she replied with joy â€Å"Ya eres toda una senorita,† which means I had just become a young women. I knew then I wasn’t a child anymore. In my case, I didn’t have a ceremony celebrating my new cycle of life. For example, in the Hindu culture of India, a girl’s first menstrual period is often celebrated by bringing her presents and giving her celebrations. In the Hispanic culture, we (girls) get celebrated by having a Quinceanera, but it’s not celebrating our first period, but the point when we reach fifteen years old and we are therefore considered young women—it’s basically the same concept. In some cultures—such as Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, Orthodox, and Bali—women are banned from their homes and temples for three to four days, or up to a week depending on how long her period lasts. We will write a custom essay sample on If Men Could Menstruate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are also banned from having sexual intercourse with their mate during this time, or to even touch or pass them something on the table! The men in these cultures and/or religions make woman feel dirty and unclean because of their bleeding. In Indonesia it is believed that all sexually transmitted diseases emerged from women that broke the norm of not having intercourse with their husband; therefore, the only way men can cure themselves is to pass it on to women because â€Å"woman’s body can absorb infection and purge it during a cycle† (Hoskins, 2002). Now think about this, but the other way around. Put men in our shoes. Of course, a menstrual cycle isn’t the end of the world, but I don’t think that men would or could endure it. First of all, men have oppressed women for centuries. Having a cycle and making them sensitive like us wouldn’t help them keep the â€Å"power† they think they have over us and the whole wide world. Second, there’s PMS—premenstrual syndrome, or cramping. The excruciating pain we get pre, during, and post menstrual cycle is abhorrent. There is pain on the lower back, the stomach, on our breast†¦ everywhere! Going back to point one—we usually get extra sensitive and cry for no apparent reasons. Some women tend to get cranky and aggressive. Mood swings get crazy! And third and final point, having a menstrual cycle means being able to reproduce. There is a reason why God created women—He gave us all a task and women are made for the job of carrying an angel’s life in her womb. If men can’t even take care of children for an hour or two, neither can they take care of them for nine months and for the rest of their lives. Men do not have to guts to deal with childbirth either. Being a woman is difficult, but it is a blessing. Because we women are caring, loving, and sensitive human beings. http://www. haverford. edu/psych/ddavis/p109g/steinem. menstruate. html http://www. sciforums. com/If-Men-could-Menstruate-t-65408. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Menstrual_cycle http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Culture_and_menstruation

3 Answers to Questions About Capitalization

3 Answers to Questions About Capitalization 3 Answers to Questions About Capitalization 3 Answers to Questions About Capitalization By Mark Nichol Here are my responses to readers about questions regarding whether to use uppercase or lowercase letters in certain contexts. 1. Would you write, â€Å"I study algebra,† or â€Å"I study Algebra†? â€Å"I’m enrolled in algebra II,† or â€Å"I’m enrolled in Algebra II†? Is the following sentence correct? â€Å"The school offers algebra, French, physics, Spanish, Geometry, and english.† When you refer to an academic subject, write, for example, â€Å"I study algebra.† (Capitalize only names of languages and other proper nouns.) However, when the reference is to a course in which an academic subject is taught, write, for example, â€Å"I’m enrolled in Algebra II.† The terms in this revision of your final sample sentence are styled correctly: â€Å"The school offers algebra, French, physics, Spanish, geometry, and English.† See also the first item in this post. 2. One of our counties considers itself â€Å"the birthplace of prohibition.† My question is whether prohibition should be capitalized. I’ve seen it done that way before but can’t remember if it may have been only in the context of references to the era or the Eighteenth Amendment.† When referring to the principle rather than the era or the legislation, I’d lowercase the word: â€Å"The nonpartisan organization focused on the single issue of prohibition.† But in reference to the specific US government policy during the 1930s (or any other similar official policy in another country), capitalize the term. And if the county actually markets itself with the slogan â€Å"The Birthplace of Prohibition,† acknowledge that epithet by writing, â€Å"The county considers itself the ‘Birthplace of Prohibition’†). 3. What are the rules for saying something starts with a capital letter? Which one is correct: â€Å"The word God has a capital G,† or â€Å"The word God has a capital g†? No resource I know of refers to this specific point about naming a letter as a letter, so in this case I must defer to usage. â€Å"The word God has a capital G† may seem redundant, but that’s the prevailing style. Otherwise, when the reference is not specifically to an uppercase letter, the lowercase form should be used. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureBroadcast vs Broadcasted as Past FormPreposition Mistakes #3: Two Idioms

The Idiosyncratic Volatility Anomaly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Idiosyncratic Volatility Anomaly - Essay Example Investors look to these corporate-level indicators when determining the most viable security purchase that will facilitate effective returns and minimize risk of volatility. The IVOL comes into play when a specific security does not conform to known economic models that illustrate either inverse relationships to tangible corporate level characteristics or direct relationships to known securities in a comparable category. Various factor-model equations have been developed to establish the expected rate of return of a security, utilising complex variables such as known excess stock returns, known sensitivities to volatility risk, and certain conditional market means (averages). Consider the complexity of one such factor-model calculation to determine expected security return: Exhibit 1: Factor-Model Calculation to Determine Expected Aggregate Returns Source: Ang, et al. (2006). The cross-section of volatility and expected returns. The interchangeable variables within similar equation m odelling dictate no elongated explanation of the complexity of this scientific approach to aggregate security returns. However, such models that determine not only future stock returns, but also volatility risk with a specific security or basket of securities in comparable industries, are designed to facilitate more effective and profitable security investment. The idiosyncratic volatility anomaly is an acknowledgement that not all common stock securities will produce returns that follow a logical model of analysis and computation based on known historical patterns of return and volatility. Various models for determining aggregate returns, based on corporate-level dynamics or market risks (among other criteria), should produce consistent stock returns that are in-line with mathematical expectations. The tangible market returns of a security will, at times, illustrate a direct relationship with such modelling that serves to justify these scientific methods of analyses. During other m arket conditions, such returns conflict these models designed to facilitate a more shrewd investment with no legitimate explanation as to why low returns occurred with the security. These are the dynamics of the idiosyncratic volatility anomaly: predictable corporate level characteristics and valuations of a firm, the known statistical significance of the model used to identify expected aggregate returns, and linear examination of historical stock trends should all serve to justify the long-term return of a security. What actually occurs in the stock market is a confliction of these predictive models, often with no concrete explanation for why the security became exposed to higher volatility, price shock, or variable returns. The IVOL is highly pervasive in domestic and global stock markets with many researchers seeking solutions for the recurring prevalence of this anomaly in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Eurasian nations (Chen, et al. 2012; Savickas and Zhao, 2012; Be rrada and Hugonnier, 2009; Jiang, et al. 2007). Berrada and Hugonnier (2009) identify this routine irregularity citing disparities between the idiosyncratic volatility factor with a direct relationship to stock returns in the U.S., and Ang, et.al (2006) confirming this factor tends to hold true in other nations. The dynamics of what genuinely causes the IVOL prevalence is uncertain, as no singular method of determining its catalysts has yet been determined. However, there is speculation that it can be related to

A Publicly Owned Large Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Publicly Owned Large Company - Research Paper Example This case briefly analyzes the real world problems which a company might face while having a meeting in order to select its supplier. If the problems are not resolved at the first stage i.e. while having meetings, then there are considerable chances of facing immense amount of problems later on. This case provides insights about the potential problems which may arise at the stage of having first meeting with the potential supplier. Central Problem   Jill Turner, representative of Success Inc. is having a meeting with Supplier A Inc. in order to find out if they are competent enough to be selected as a supplier for Success Inc. During the meeting, Jill encountered various issues. These issues included the strange quietness of the representatives of Supplier A Inc., not checking the business cards of the representatives which can be considered as Jill’s own mistake, not being sure where the headquarter of the company is located and not knowing who is the right person to talk w ith. In the subsequent paragraphs, discussion has been provided about how to cope up with such problems, why these problems arise and what were the reasons behind such problems. Statement of Objectives   There are certain areas which need to be analyzed and evaluated before commencing a meeting. If that is not done, than it might lead to wrong decision making and ultimately will end up in against of the company. Wrong decision will definitely cause loss of money and time to the company therefore it is required to be very careful before taking such big decision. This case analyzes what mistakes can occur during meeting while selecting a supplier. Areas of Consideration (SWOT)   Strengths The strength of Success Inc is that it has smart representative namely Jill Turner, who sincerely looks for all the pros and cons before choosing any supplier. Success Inc is very cautious while selecting a supplier which is the strength of this company. Success Inc.’s representatives hold meetings with each of the potential supplier before selecting the right one. They analyze and evaluate each and every aspect so as to avoid any serious problems in future. Weakness The weakness which Success Inc. possesses is that its representatives at times make such mistakes which can cause loss of time and money to the company. Representatives of Success Inc need to be more careful and must not be so judgemental. Threats By not analyzing own mistakes and ignoring those mistakes, there are chances for the supplier to get the deal by showing misleading facts and figures. Success Inc. needs to analyze each and every single point before coming to the final decision otherwise the suppliers might take the advantage and therefore the threat of bargaining power of supplier can increase substantially. Opportunities After analyzing the case, it seems that the opportunity that Success Inc. has is that they usually do not have time pressure. By not being bounded to the time frame, they can take as much time as they want and can study comprehensively about each supplier. The financial position, previous performance, lead time, delivery and quality are some areas which need to be considered thoroughly before taking any final decision. Time Context Success Inc. doesn’t have any time pressure which means that they are not compelled to launch a particular product in particular time frame which gives Success Inc. an edge in studying more carefully about the potential suppliers. Alternative Courses of Action   Selecting an appropriate supplier is not an easy task for large companies. There are many areas to consider before selecting a supplier. Most often, companies mislead the information so accurately in order to get the deal that it becomes difficult in considering if the facts

Clinical Patient Management System

Clinical Patient Management System Clinical Patient management is introduced to optimize clinics operation. Because of huge changes in management nowadays, management for clinic is important due to the widely spread of technology. This system is proposed for those clinics which are still using paper-based to record down patient record, disease history and etc. This system is to manage the clinics operation efficiently. The area consists of the user in clinic which is doctor and clinic assistant. Basically there are no such systems in the clinic. The traditional paper-based management method has caused a lot of problems to the user. This system will help out the user in the clinic in managing the work. 1.2 Problem Statement and Motivation Clinical Patient management system is enhanced from the traditional paper-based management system that has been using in the clinic. Based on the previous system, the patient who comes to the clinic for the first time is registered via the system. The assistant assist the patient by write down the personal detail in a form. The patient gets the treatment and information about the treatment is record in a file. The system manages the activities in the clinic but the previous system has cause problems to the user. Problems of using paper to record down the records of patient: Only one copy, emergent consult problem Waste time to search the record Easy to lost record or duplicate record Waste money on purchase paper Waste space for store record These problem are so important is because they will affect the operation of clinic cause decrease of patients visits, inefficiency and increase of cost. Clinical Patient management is developed to overcome the problems. The system has few modules such as patient registration, inventory module, medical certificate, disease history, patient record search, appointment, billing and reporting. Objectives The project aims to overcome the problem exists in the previous system. In order to overcome the problem exists in the previous system, we must determine the problems existing in previous system, find out the reason cause the problems in previous existing system and create a solution to solve the problems. Investigate on system/user request and define new requirements. To achieve this objective need to determine who the user is, understanding the user request, verify the request can be achieve or not. Make user easy to maintain record Determine what record is requiring in the system. All the records will be kept in database. Ensure the system useful to user as it help in daily activity in the clinic. Determine how will the system work/operate and understand daily activity in the clinic. Project scope There are nine modules in the system: Patient Registration Patient must register first. Patients IC number, name, address, age, gender, phone number, specified relative IC. Disease History This module manages data about patients treatment history and register for various type of disease. It allows doctor to add, edit and update the disease history. Medical certificate This module allow doctor to create the medical certificate to patients. Allow user to add, edit, delete. Inventory module This module manages all the medicine stock in the clinic. It allow user to add, edit and delete the medicine information. It will show current quantity of medicine in the clinic. It includes the record search. Backup Backup the system setting and database. 1.5 Project significance Clinical Patient Management System is used by the doctor and clinic assistant. The user will feel the system is useful because it has benefits to manage the clinics operation efficiently. The web-based Clinical Patient Management gives profit to user as the user can retrieve information regard to themselves through the internet. They can access the clinic system throughout the internet and those who have difficulties to go the clinic will find it practical. The system makes record keeping more efficient and secure from an unauthorized people. Only authorized user has the right to retrieve their own information. This will secure the patients information. This system has also overcome the problems in paper-based management system. Besides that, the system is easy for the management to maintain record about the patient and inventory. The time for retrieving the information needed will be less compare to the manual. This will help the clinic assistant in doing the job. The system also helps in minimize the loss of data. The clinic assistant can view and generate report for the specified data. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Web-based clinical patient management Undeniable computerize medical services is a general trend, this web site will provide medical information for the user, the user can find out the message they want. CMS provide online appointment feature, which accept patients to make the appointment through internet. Besides, doctors can manage the clinic daily work by using CMS. (Andrew Ho 2002, Louis Leong 2002, Onofre da Costa 2002). In journal article Clinics Management System (CMS) based on Patient Centered Process Ontology (Vissers J. M. H. 1998), conducted study and found one of the important trends in business managements is the focus on processes to create value added services for their ultimate customers. This is to get rid of unwanted, time consuming, unnecessarily repeated business activities of the processes and to monitor how value for customer is as efficiently as possible In the journal entitled, Best practice Clinic: The making of a good quality management system written by Dwyer, G. (2004), he said that to be manageable and effective, a quality management system should be easy to manage and involve minimal or no allocation of additional staff, and work in tandem with existing initiatives, systems and structures. In the case study of Lance Technologies LLC The web-based system kept track of all patient schedule information. Thus, patients could visit the web service at any later date and cancel or re-schedule their appointment based on Agho Clinic policies. A web-based administrative system provided password-protected access to patient scheduling data to Agho Clinic staff, allowing them to see schedules and patient contact information. The staff also used the same system to manage in-office scheduling as well. All provider schedules and office hours were also database-driven. (Lance Technologies LLC (2006). In Web Based Patient Scheduling with IVR Backend. Retrieved March 13, 2012) From article state in above they appears in nowadays all clinics are necessary to automate its daily functions. Furthermore, regardless of the type clinic, owning and operating it can be a lot of work. Web-based system is a technology important to clinic domain because it can help them face the problem of increasing diversity and differentiation by improve their competitiveness, efficiency and provide better convenient to patient. 2.2 Fact Finding In a personal interview with a clinic assistant, the clinic assistant had explained in detail about the clinic daily operation. Through the information provided by the clinic assistant, the following function has been listed out. 2.2.1 Functions of the System Patient Function Allow patients to view the doctors schedule. If want to supply a direct appointment way on web. The system require to show out the doctors schedule of working day. Making appointment is several simple steps. The patients can log in by using the User ID and Password. For the first time to log in, the patients can register on the web site and set their own ID and Password. Doctors can check and review the Medical history of a patient through patient ID. The Patients can check their own disease history through the web browser, which include the patient info, such as Name, address, age, gender, record of diagnose, any allergic reaction. Doctor Clinic Assistant Function The system must provides the calendar for the doctors, to check the calendar and appointment on the day. The calendar permit the staff to apply different kind of leave. Such as, annual leave or non-paid leave and so on. By using the system, the medicine inventory records can be checked. They can view the information of the medicines such as medicines name, quantity, expired date, prices, supplier info (Address and contact number) and description. During the consultation, the doctor can check the patient treatment from the website, such as patient diagnosis, medicines, drug allergy, chronic disease. After the checking, the doctor will add the information and status in the system. Finally the system will calculate the total amount and print out the receipts. Through the functions state in above, a list of system module had been arranged out and already writes down in project scope, you can refer it on page 3. 2.3 Critical Remarks of previous works BioAXS Adastra Proposed system Patient registration Finger print verification Make appointment Scheduling Disease history Medical certificate management Billing Inventory management Reporting Backup Web-Based Figure 2.3 Existing system compare with proposed system From figure 2.3 above we can found that both of the existing system BioAXS and Adastra they dont have include most of the feature in proposed system. Many patients need to get medical certificate to rest at home, so the proposed system include the feature of medical certificate management to manage the record. Most of the clinic requires billing management feature in the management system to help them manage and record daily expense and revenue. The inventory in proposed system can help clinic manage the medicine stock, so the clinic assistant can always monitor on the quantity of various medicine. The backup feature in proposed system allow user to backup their data, this can prevent loss of data. If the system accidently down, user can through restore backup file to recover the data. CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Prototyping The methodology I choose for develop the system is prototyping. Prototyping include 5 phases planning, analysis, design, implementation, delivery. A prototyping-based methodology performs the analysis, design and implementation phases concurrently, and all three phrases are performed repeatedly to build the first version, with user feedback, repeat these three phases a cycle until system complete. In figure 3.1 it shown how prototyping works. C:UsersKelvin GiottoDesktopprototype.png Figure 3.1 Prototyping 3.1.1 Planning The project planning starts in this phase. First, the information is gathered from the clinic staff. Then, the scope, objectives and the goals for the proposed system are set up. The tentative schedule consists of project work plan and Gantt chart is developed. 3.1.2 Analysis In this phase, we have to understand previous system problems and find out analysis existing system find out their pros and cons. We also have to realise clinic daily operation process to investigate and define new requirements. The problem statement of the system can be defined throughout the observation. It will become the objective for the system. The scope can be extracted from the objective to develop the system. 3.1.3 Design Database design, where a design for the database is form. It can support the Clinical Patient Management System operational and objective, as Microsoft Access is choose for the database management. The minimum requirement for the installation need to be confirmed first in order for the DBMS in the server to run smoothly. Moreover, the Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), and data dictionary is create where it will explain the main basic workflow of the system. All relationship between the tables, define the storage structures and the access paths will be known. For interface design, we will regard to user request and make it more user-friendly. 3.1.4 Implementation In implementation phase is start working on programming, after complete the first version of prototype, we will delivery it to user to testing the prototype, test for performance, integrity, and concurrent access and security constraints. Other than that, testing and evaluate the system parallel with application programming is done. This phase involve all the users in Clinic Management system that will use this system. In this stage it can be define that the users meets their requirement. Once the data insert into the database, the processes such as tests and fine-tunes will be carried out for purposes of performance, integrity, and concurrent access and security constraints. The testing and evaluation phase occurs in parallel with applications programming. If the database implementation fails to meet the users requirement, several options will be consider in order enhancing the system. Implementation Issues and Challenges Many issues and challenges will be face In develop clinical patient management system. Develop this system can be say like start from zero, require to learning new programming language, new development software and make it operate on server. Unfamiliar Programming language C# The system is develop through Microsoft Sharepoint 2013, and it require using C# programming language to develop. Unfamiliar system area The web-based Clinical Patient Management system is a medical area system, this will cause negligence on the development of software features. Unfamiliar development tools Microsoft Sharepoint 2013 is a new development tools, many useful feature for developer, so require to take some time to learning how to use it. Blur on User Interface design Due to the user of the system are doctor and clinic assistant, difficult to design a user-friendly that is suitable for them. Timeline 3.3.1 Current Semester Figure 3.3.1 Current Semester In figure 3.3.1, meeting to discuss the process of the final year project is a recurring task, the task is execute on everyweek Wednesday. Took totally 12 days on choose project title. Totally 17 days use for create preliminary report, start from 16 Feb 2012 to 9 March 2012. For develop the comb-bound project proposal, this task totally used 21 days start from 12 Mar 2012 to 9 Apr 2012. 3.3.2 Next Semester Figure 3.3.2 Next Semester In figure 3.3.2, planning phase start from 28 May 2012, take 6 days to complete it. Due to using the prototyping methodology to develop the system, so Analysis, Design and Implementation should be recurring task and start from 13 Apr 2012 to 17 Aug 2012. The system should be delivery on 20 Aug 2012. Requirement Specification User Requirement Functional Patient Registration Disease History Medical certificate Inventory Inventory Backup Non-Functional User authentication Fast response time Maintainability Integrity 3.4.2 System Performance Definition Software Requirement Development tool Microsoft SharePoint Designer 2013 Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 Operating System Windows Server 2012 Database system Microsoft SQL Hardware Requirement Minimum Hardware Requirements Processor 64-bit, quad-core processor, 3 GHz RAM 8 GB for single server and multiple server farm installation for production use. Hard disk 80 GB Programming language C# C#, as part of the .NET framework, is compiled to Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL), which is a language similar to Javas bytecode. MSIL allows C# to be platform independent and runs using just in time compiling. Therefore programs running under .NET gain speed with repeated use. Furthermore, because the other languages that make up the .NET platform (including VB and Cobol) compile to MSIL, it is possible for classes to be inherited across languages. The MSIL, like bytecode, is what allows C# to be platform independent. Microsoft SharePoint 2013 In-alignment with SharePoints approach of doing more with no additional resources, investments like the integration with Visual Studio 2012 will enable our customers to rely on existing pools of programming expertise to enrich the SharePoint platform and increase the quality and ROI on their investments. Can be used to build any kind of web solution, including Internet publishing sites share contents, applications, and data to improve collaboration and provide a unique user experience CHAPTER 4 CONCLUSION Briefly this chapter describes on literature review and project methodology. Information for literature review is gathered from journals in library, online journal, magazines and article. All the information is useful to support the statement from the approaches that has been made. In project methodology, it described about methodology that will be develop for the system. It consists of 5 phases which has been explained in this section. Furthermore, in project requirements, it tell about the software and hardware that been choose to develop the project. Gantt chart attached is to help to manage project schedule so that this project will be finished on time. Managing time is the way to assuring the project can be finish according to the plan.

The Spider and Soul in Walt Whitmans A Noiseless Patient Spider Essay

The Spider and Soul in Walt Whitman's A Noiseless Patient Spider Works Cited Not Included In â€Å"A Noiseless Patient Spider†, Walt Whitman compares the images of a spider creating a web to catch its prey to his own soul. In the first stanza, he describes the spider creating its web. In the second stanza, he begins to describe his own soul searching for something it needs. Throughout the poem, Whitman is relating the spider to the human soul by showing how both would pursue and capture what they need to continue to exist in this life. In line one, â€Å"A noiseless, patient spider† shows a spider that seems to be waiting for what it is searching for. Perhaps it is waiting for a chance to strike at its prey if it were detected in time. The soul seems to be doing nearly the same thing when Whitman says the soul is â€Å"ceaselessly musing† (line 8). Musing is when someone is pondering about something in silence. Both images are being described as moving in careful silence. The spider seems to be planning to trick the prey into being caught. Perhaps whatever the soul is looking for must be tricked into being caught. If both were to let their presence be known, their elusive prey may disappear. In order for either the spider or the soul to capture its prey, first they both must create a way to trap what they need and trick it into being caught. â€Å"It launched forth filament, filament, filament, out of itself, ever unreeling them, ever tirelessly speeding them† (lines 4-5). These lines are describing the spider while it makes its web. The poet uses the word â€Å"tirelessly† to show that the spider must complete its task of finding sustenance in order to survive. The repetition of the word â€Å"filament† shows how deliberately t... ...er and the soul are alike in how they search for what will continue their existence. For the spider, it is waiting patiently as he tries to find a way to trap his prey in order to continue its life. As for the soul, it must be patient and hold on to what it knows as religious truth as it waits to be nourished by the one that it truly serves. Both the spider and the soul must hold onto their anchor in order to wait for their prey. Once it is spotted, they must move quickly to it in order to ensure that they catch it. Once it is within their grasp, their existence may continue. But, if they are sidetracked by what goes on in their immediate surroundings instead of concentrating on their prey, then they may lose their opportunity for life. That is why the spider and the soul must be patient, noiseless, and ever ready to obtain what they have hunted for so long.

Is Domestic Violence a Breach of Human Rights? Essay

The problem brought forth by the unequal distribution of power in intimate relationships in developing countries has caused not only oppression but also violence against women. Criminal acts such as rape, hitting, verbal abuse and other related violent behaviors are being experienced by a significant number of women all over the world. As such, this research seeks to establish the link between domestic violence and human rights. Not until recently that the United Nations (UN) has decided to include the issue of Violence against Women (VAW) on the mainstream of the human rights paradigm. As such this research will be looking on the anatomy of DV and the laws related to its implementation. More specifically, the research has the following objectives: 1. To properly define Domestic Violence (DV) and other concepts related on the notion of DV. 2. To identify the incidences on DV that could be significantly related on the issue of Human Rights Violation. 3. To identify the laws set forth by the United Nations that verifies the link of DV to the issue of human rights violations and specifically cite provisions that further explains the rights of women and the degree of protection that is due to them. 4. To identify the campaigns this aims to further protect the rights of women. 5. To know why it took so long for DV to be recognized as a Human Rights Issue. Background of the Problem Domestic violence is a form of violence against women. Violence Against Women (VAW) as defined by the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women (1993) is â€Å"any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or metal harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life† . This definition then emphasizes that any act that forces women to do certain things that result to any type of harm is considered as an act of DV. More importantly, the scope of DV has been made broad as it encompasses not only DV in terms of the household, but also certain oppression against women that might happen in the latter’s course of relating towards people. Violence against women includes the â€Å"physical, sexual and psychological violence that happens in the family or the community which includes battering, sexual abuse of children, dowry related violence, rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to women, non-spousal violence and violence related to exploitation, sexual harassment and intimidation at work, in educational institutions and elsewhere, trafficking in women, forced prostitution, and violence perpetrated or condoned by the state† More specifically, the World Health Organization (WHO) claimed that the violence against women does not only poses human rights issue but also contains other problems such as health and social concerns. This definition then provided by WHO further elaborates the definition provided by VAW. More importantly, the threats upon the health of women that came into effect because of the abuses that were brought forth unto them are also a growing health concern accor ding to WHO. Domestic Violence is also labeled as Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) by the Center for Disease and Control Prevention (CDC) has four major types which are: physical, sexual, psychological abuse and stalking . The World Health Organization perceived IPV not only as a human rights issue but also a growing health concern. The population based study of WHO found out that 10-69% of women admitted that they have been physically assaulted by a male partner at some point within their lives. In a larger scale, the range is between 10-34%. IPV incidents are perceived to be not regularly reported to the police, hence the inability to picture the entire magnitude of the problem. CDC also reported that majority of IPV incidents reported (i. e. 50%) are stalking, 25% physical assaults and 20% rape or sexual assaults. The CDC said that the consequences of domestic violence are perceived to be more damaging on the part of the victim and more costly in terms of treatment. Physical consequences include injuries that were left as a result on the victimization such as scratches, bruises and welts. Other more damaging effects are central nervous system disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, gynecological disorders, pregnancy difficulties and the likes. Psychological violence which stemmed out from emotional or psychological assault makes the victims develop problematic behaviors such as being anti social, develops suicidal tendencies, depressions and anxiety. Social implications of domestic violence also create a web of problem for the victims in terms of relating with other people and performing well in their workplace. More often than not, a difficult relationship is perceived in terms of the victims’ employers, peers and/ or colleagues . The health implications that resulted from domestic violence are primarily characterized by a very risky sexual behavior such as unprotected sex or even sexual trade. In addition, the use of addictive substances such as drugs or alcohols is also perceived. Corollary with this, the abuse of various medicines or pills for in order to lose weight is also paramount; while in some cases, overeating was the documented consequence . The economic implications of domestic violence are also very alarming. On 2003, the perceived costs of IPV is roughly $4. 1 billion which primarily comprises of $460 for rape cases, $6. 2 billion for physical assault, $461 billion for stalking and $1. 2 billion for the value of cost lives . Domestic Violence and Human Rights Attempts to link VAW on the issue of human rights were first established through the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights wherein such asserts that all humans must have equal rights and opportunities regardless of any difference . However it could be noted that the UDHR did not directly addressed the issues of DV and directly perceived it as a Human Rights issue. As such it is the underlying notion that all humans must be treated as equal has become the basic argument against DV and paved the way for the creation of certain laws that directly cater to it. In relation with this, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) on 1979 and the United Nation’s 1993 Declaration to Eliminate Violence against Women , also has similar goals. Due to the attempts to link VAW and human rights, such paved the way to transnational women’s movements and other mobilizations worldwide. Non government organization (NGO) and state governments have made their own efforts in order to eradicate this sort of oppression against women . The Private Nature of DV More importantly, the perception of Domestic Violence (DV) against the framework of human rights paved the way for the idea of applying international laws in order to solve DV all over the world. DV has been perceived as having a private nature due to the reason that its occurrence primarily stemmed out of the family wherein more often are opted to be kept in silence and addressed and/or resolved personally by family members . Most of the time, victims of DV within families opt to keep the issue within the jurisdiction of their own homes. Women opt to discuss the issue among their husbands or partners rather than reporting such incidences to the police. In relation with this, it could also be significantly noted that once such incidences are reported to the police, the latter’s way of resolving the issue also result to having both parties reconcile within themselves. In effect of this, women who know such a process opted to no longer result to lawful actions, rather only try their best to work it among their partners. The private nature of DV is due to the fact that it is often committed by men that are close in their lives . In effect of this, it has always been the case that it becomes invisible. It is less likely for the violence to be reported, unlike those type of violence that happened in public and was done by people who are unknown to women. In addition with this, since there are no witnesses to private violence, it becomes very hard for the law to take proper action. It could be significantly argued as well that the attitude of the police in terms of attending on the crimes of DV has been very distant. Most of them don’t want to take sides among couples even if it is evident that one of them is at fault. As such it is said: â€Å"You just try to calm them down. To a policy of arrest rather than meditation, the official approach is not necessarily reflected in practice in part because intervening police officers are at a very high rik in incidences of private violence. † It has been very hard for people to identify violence that happened between couples. Albeit, the reality is that there is a huge number of violence that happens in intimate relationships rather than those that happened in public. It is more dangerous fro women and the injuries that they have are more severe. In relation with this, it could be significantly noted that the study of Pourezza et al also reveals that women in Iran seem to be more aware of the reasons of violence rather than the evidence of violence. Such according to Pourezza et al is primarily due to the private nature of DV in Iran and the failure of the victims and her family to report such incidents to the police. Physical violence is perceived to be a private phenomenon and is expected to be resolved within the realm of the family. The risk factors that are associated with DV in Iran are: poverty, addiction, discrimination in work place and social life and lack of personal securities . In the United States however DV although initially perceived to be of a private nature has been attempted to be made on the mainstream of the human rights paradigm in order for it to be properly addressed. Annual conventions and campaigns are launched by the United Nations such as the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, The Sixteen Days of Activism of Center for Women’s Global Leadership’s (CWGL) and Amnesty International’s Stop Violence Against Women Campaign Banner all work together not only to help eliminate domestic violence but other gender-related violence as well. These campaigns together with various laws will able to make women aware of their rights not only as an individual but also as a woman. 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights however did not directly link the issue of DV to the notion of human rights. What the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights claimed is that all people have inherent dignity and of equal and inalienable rights; hence implying that women have the disposition that is similar to men, and such disposition implies the former’s right to experience the same degree of protection, privilege and other factors that are vital in living a quality life. Such attempts on the end of the 1948 Declaration of Human Rights that became the cornerstone in the development of other international laws could be seen on the following provisions. The Article 1 of the Declaration claims that â€Å"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood†. The very basic philosophical foundation of the relevance of human life against any other form of life is man’s capacity for reason which is clearly presented in this provision as a characteristic of all human beings. Hence women possess a capacity for reason that is exactly similar to that of man, and by such, the former must be given the same amount of freedom and dignity. The second Article of the Declaration further strengthens this claim by stating that â€Å"Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty†. This provision clearly states the relevance of the upholding of human rights despite of gender. Such is clear evidence that all sexes are equal on the eyes of the law. Article 7 further makes it clear that all individuals must not be discriminated against the law. Consequently, Article 8 states the necessity of the establishment of national tribunals wherein conflicts and other criminal cases could be addressed. The Declaration as reflected in Article 16, clearly establishes that women have the right to enter a marriage in their own free will. Hence such means that dowry and other types of fixed marriages although perceived to be a part of custom and culture in some countries is also a violation of women’s rights. This provision then implies the general notion relevant to the argument that women’s domestic affairs are subjected to the jurisdiction of the human rights realm. The provision stating that women should only marry in accordance with their own decision implies that marriages that are fixed that often times result to violent treatment among men is something that is of utmost concern in terms of protecting the human rights of women and therefore protecting them against domestic violence. It could be noted that some countries in Asia such as in India, requires women to give dowries to their soon to be husbands. Albeit, whenever the woman gives a dowry that is relatively lower than what is expected on the male’s family, what usually happens is that the woman is often abused or is viewed as someone who is a burden to the man’s family. Article 21 on the other hand emphasizes that all people should have equal access to public service in her country and Article 26 emphasizes the equal rights of all people to education. As such, these provisions clearly focus on the right of women to education and also protection for all forms of abuses. The perception that women’s education is unnecessary because the latter is perceived to be locked in doing house hold chores is a clear violation. The study of Bates et al. among the women of Bangladesh could be significantly noted. Such revealed that among the 1,200 women who participated on the study, 67% of them claimed that they have experienced domestic violence, and a significant number of 35% admitted that they have experienced it in the past year (i. e. 1998). More importantly, the study focused on the notion that a woman’s education has a direct effect in terms of lowering the tendencies of DV. The study of Bates et al revealed that women in Bangladesh have a minute or small access with education. In relation with this the author also claimed that the more a woman ages, the more that it will be difficult for her to get married. In addition, the age of the woman is also equated to the high cost of her dowry. In relation with this is the right of every person to have a free choice of the type of work that she wants to do as stated on Article 23. As such, this provision leans towards the growing concern of the feminization of poverty most especially in developing countries. One of the risk factors of domestic abuse according to CDC is with regard to the notion that women who do not enter the workforce must be submissive to her husband . Women who are primarily left in the household to do chores and take care of the children are perceived to have a minute contribution within the family; as such the perceived head of the family which in this case is the male bread winner possesses all the power in the relationship. Article 25 clearly caters on the upholding on the rights of women as it emphasizes that all people has the right to a way of life that is adequate not only for him or her but also to his or her entire family. Motherhood and childhood should be supported by the government by assuring that they have special care and assistance. More specifically, those children who were born out of marriage should be given the privileges and protection of the government. This provision protects not only women but also their children against DV. The claim that this concern must be under the jurisdiction of the government is an indication that women must be protected against all kinds of abuses including to that of within their own households. Women who do not have any capabilities to help themselves most especially if they are having children must also be sheltered by the government. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) was adopted on 1979 by the UN General Assembly. The United Nation’s division for the advancement of women describes CEDAW as the â€Å"international bill of rights for women†. As such CEDAW not only addressed directly the issues of DV but also relates it directly on the realm of human rights. The CEDAW although could be said as the most highly ratified international human rights convention could still be seen as primarily focusing on the argument for human rights. Although it could be said that the convention reflects certain normative standards that are applicable to women’s human rights, it could be said that it still does not directly address DV. The CEDAW is made up of a preamble and 30 articles which lay out the parameters of women discrimination and the creation of an agenda in order to eliminate such prejudice. This convention although still focusing on human rights is very unique of its kind because of focusing on the role of culture and tradition as very vital factor in shaping the roles of men and women and other relations within the family. In addition, CEDAW also acknowledges the reproductive rights of women. Articles 10, 11 and 13 emphasize women’s rights to equal opportunity to education, employment and social activities. Such a provision paved the way for more opportunities for women to leave the household and not to be subjected to the abuses set forth by some men who give immense value on one’s work and the monetary benefits that could be hoisted out from it. The United Nations also noted that these demands are of more benefit to women who live in the rural areas. The equal access to job opportunities will pave the way for a more fair economic distribution. In relation with this, Article 15 claims that women should also have a fair access in various civil and business matters. More importantly, Article 16 emphasizes women’s equal disposition as those of men in terms of the choice of spouse, parenthood, personal rights and decision over personal properties. Another more important concern that this Convention focuses at is the attention that it gives on the value of reproductive rights. In certain cases, the role of women as a child bearer has caused numerous amounts of discrimination, more specifically in the workplace. Article 5 emphasizes that child rearing must be a social function that men and women and the society are both and equally responsible of. The women must not be viewed as someone who has the full task and burden of raising a child because people around her must also play their part. In relation with this is the Article 4 of the convention which affirms women’s right to reproductive choice. The notion that family planning advices from the government should be made available to all women will allow the latter to be aware more of her options and more specially in taking control in matters of sex and child bearing. This provision in the convention would imply that woman’s right in reproductive choice explicitly affirms women’s ownership of her own body, hence forced intercourse even within marriages is totally a clear violation of her rights. The use of contraceptives and other methods of family planning will also allow women to take control of her life and to plan for other things that will not limit her entirely to the household. The third major area of concern that the Convention focused on is the role of a country’s culture and norms in terms in hindering women in enjoying their fundamental rights. Article 5 makes it clear that states are obliged to alter their social and cultural patterns of individual conduct which clearly harbors inequality between sexes and unequal distribution of power. One of the most important implications of such is the mandatory revision of textbooks, school programmes and teaching methods in order to eliminate stereotypes and inculcate to the youth at such an early age the equal status of men and women in all aspects of life. United Nation’s 1993 Declaration to Eliminate Violence against Women Sullivan claimed that it is only in its 49th session that the Commission on Human Right (CHR) anticipated that women’s rights should be included in the mainstream of human rights programs. The declaration emphasizes that violence against women hinders not only the achievement of equality but also of development and peace. In addition, such affirms that such violence towards women is a violation of the rights and freedom of the latter. More importantly, the perpetuation of the violation against women’s rights is a manifestation of the oppressive dualism on the distribution of power between sexes. On such a relationship, the status of women has been clearly devalued hence hindering their total and absolute development . Article 3 of the Declaration to Eliminate Violence against Women emphasizes on the equal protection of human rights and freedoms of women in all fields. More specifically, article 3 emphasizes women’s right to life and equality . The Vienna Declaration and the Program of action specifically focuses on the â€Å"promotion and protection† of human rights. The declaration recognizes that such an issue is of international scope and is a way in which the international human rights systems could be studied and reevaluated so that it could represent various perceptions of countries on the issue of women’s rights violations. One of the incidences that the Declaration focused on is the incidence of rape on an international scope . The awareness of that was brought forth by the media on the rape cases that happened on the former Yugoslavia has made the issue of violence against women as directly related to a human rights concern. The recognition that such an act is not only an effect of armed conflict but of the subordinate status of women in the society paved the way to a more focused and detailed legislation in order to protect the rights of women. More specifically, the recognition that violence against women also happens in the private life or on the domestic level is also sought to be eliminated. On the Program of Actions, details of sexual slavery that was paramount during armed conflict was also taken into a clear focus. For instance, the comfort women from Korea and the Philippines who were forced into sex slavery by Japan during the Second World War are clear violation of women’s human rights. The United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, Action for Equality, Development and Peace, Beijing, China – September 1995 The UN’s Action for Equality Development and Peace that was held on Beijing China on 1995 rest on the basic foundation that equality between men and women is not only human rights and social issue; but also a necessary factor for equality, development and peace. The said Conference was primarily anchored on the Vienna Declaration Program of Action wherein the emphasis on the necessity of having violence against women on the mainstream of the human rights paradigm. The Conference focuses primarily on the implementation of the â€Å"Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement of Women and at removing all the obstacles to women’s active participation in all spheres of public and private life through a full and equal share in economic, social, cultural and political decision-making. † The conference has formulated a global framework that would allow the conference to address all the relevant and related details addressed on the World Summit for Children, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, the World Conference on Human Rights, the International Conference on Population and Development and the World Summit for Social Development. The global framework emphasizes on the empowerment of all women on all aspects of life. The role of various economic factors has also been perceived as one of the risk factors in perpetuating women’s cycle of violence. Critical Areas of concern was also discussed. The development of women and the achievement of the equal status of men and women are a matter of human rights concern and should not be treated as different from other women’s issues. The exercise and the application of women’s rights are the main factors that are vital in political, social, economic, cultural and environmental secu rity. Campaigns against Domestic Violence Various Non-Government and Government Organizations are made in order to entice public awareness on the status of women in the society, more specifically on the status of domestic violence. More specifically, the campaigns against DV are being directly related on the issue of human rights. The Sixteen Days of Activism, International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women of the United Nations and Amnesty International’s Stop Violence Against Women Campaign Banner are three of the campaigns that this essay will look into and relate its importance in terms of DV and Human Rights. Center for Women’s Global Leadership’s (CWGL) Sixteen Days of Activism Against Gender Violence Campaign The Center for Women’s Global Leadership on 1991 has established on June 1991 a 16-day of activism campaign against gender violence. The campaign is marked to start on every 25th of November and is perceived to end at every 10th of December. The campaign is framed to include four significant international human rights commemorations which are: International Day Against Violence Against Women which happens every November 25, World Aids Day which is every 1st of December, Anniversary of the Montreal Massacre which falls on December 6 and Human Rights Day which happens every 10th of December . On 2000, the Campaign has already celebrated its tenth annual commemoration which was marked by local, national, regional and international activities. Various campaign mediums were used such as â€Å"radio, television, video programming, press conferences, film screenings; workshops, seminars, panels and other meetings; demonstrations, protests, marches and vigils; photo, poster, art and book exhibitions; lectures, debates, testimonies and talks; petition drives; public education campaigns; concerts, plays and other theatre performances; street dramas and other community programmes; distribution of posters, stickers, leaflets, information kits and other publications;† The 16 Days of Activism has done a huge effect in terms of creating awareness and change in both in the national and international levels that as of 2000, there are already 800 organization in over 90 countries which participated in such a campaign. The campaign has been celebrated annually in local towns, states and regions and has been an avenue to create solidarity amongst women advocates and members of violence. The campaign has also done a great job by hav ing such an activity a way for the victims of violence to be protected . The methods of organizing the campaign have widely varied through out the years. In 2000, the organizing strategies of the campaign has involved linking various events all over the world which include the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing and the World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance in South Africa. In addition with this, the CWGL also encourages activists around the world to be an instrument in helping to increase awareness on the violations against women through tribunals, workshops, festivals and other related activities . International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women The 54th session of the General Assembly on 19 October 1999 which marks that 17th meeting of the Third Committee submitted a draft resolution which designates the 25th of November as the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women. The said draft was sponsored by 79 states which aimed to increase the knowledge and understanding of the world with regard to the problem of VAW. The draft contained the details of the reasons why such a type of oppression has been hindering women to achieve their legal, social, political and economic equality within the society. Although initially, the commemoration of the necessity of eliminating of violence against women was made in Latin America and a number of countries all over the world, the observance has no standard title and was only referred as â€Å"No Violence Against Women Day† and the â€Å"Day to End Violence Against Women†. Such a day was first declared by feminists in Bogota Columbia in commemoration of the Mirabal Sisters of Dominican Republic who have been perceived as the foundation of modern feminism. The Mirabal Sisters, also known as the â€Å"Inolvidables Mariposas† or the â€Å"Unforgettable Butterflies† signifies the oppression against women. The amount of dedication and passion that they have given in order to attain women liberation and respect has been a source of dignity and inspiration to women around the world. Stop Violence Against Women Campaign On March 5, 2004, Amnesty International has established an international campaign in order to stop the violence that is made against women. Amnesty International has perceived violence against women as a widespread international problem that caused huge number of women lives. One notable activity of Amnesty is the opening of the first safe house in Kenya which keeps girls who are susceptible to female genital mutilation. The Campaign has also broadened the interpretation of VAW that is presented in the UN Declaration by focusing on the acts of neglect or deprivation against women. VAW is perceived by the campaign as those violence occurring in the family, in the community and other gender based violence. In relation with this, violence is perceived in different forms: physical, psychological and sexual. Amnesty has presented three major reasons of gender based violence in developing countries. According to the campaign, social and political institutions through time developed institutionalized patterns of values and standards that are obviously against for the development of women. For instance, the cultural value in some countries in Asia that a woman who opt to stay at home and take care of her children and husband is considered virtuous. In addition, a number of cultural practices and traditions focusing on the idea of purity and chastity of women has also been a commonly used excuse to justify such violence. Such forms of oppression against women are perceived by the author as more severe and damaging in its very nature because it inculcates oppression and violence against women as a standard way of life- a sort of reality that one has to accept regardless of anything. Examples of such cultural practices are the Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Africa, Honor Killing in the Middle East, and in some remote places in China- Foot binding. All of these cultural practices are due to the basic premise that women should be remain chaste and pure until marriage; and it is only through the exercise of such methods that a woman’s purity could be attained. More significantly, the exercise of FGM has been rooted on the idea that during sexual intercourse, women are not supposed to feel any type of pleasure, hence the mutilation of their genitalia, more particularly, the clitoris. Poverty and marginalization are also perceived by Amnesty International as both causes and consequences of the violence against women. Abusive situ